Keratoconus
What is keratoconus?
Keratoconus is a degenerative and progressive disease of the cornea - the cornea gradually thins and bulges irregularly, taking on a cone shape.
As a result, light cannot focus properly on the retina - causing blurry and distorted vision.
Keratoconus most commonly appears in young people and can progress over the years if not recognised in time. In almost all cases the condition is bilateral, though one eye is usually more severely affected.
How to recognise keratoconus?
Keratoconus most commonly appears during puberty or in a person's twenties - which is when the diagnosis is most often made. In the early stages, symptoms can resemble ordinary short-sightedness, but there are signs to watch for:
frequent changes in prescription
onset or worsening of astigmatism
blurry and distorted vision
poor vision at night
increased sensitivity to light
double vision
If you frequently change glasses or have unstable vision, a detailed examination is recommended.
How is keratoconus diagnosed?
Keratoconus is detected with specialised examinations that allow precise analysis of the cornea:
These examinations allow early detection of the disease - even when symptoms are not yet pronounced.
How is keratoconus treated?
Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and the degree of corneal damage.
In the early stages:
glasses or GP contact lenses can improve vision
As the disease progresses:
cross-linking (CXL) is applied
Cross-linking strengthens the cornea and stops further progression of the disease.
In advanced cases:
additional surgical procedures such as corneal transplantation may be required
Frequently asked questions
Can keratoconus be inherited?
It can be - approximately 10% of patients have a family member with the same diagnosis. If you have a relative with keratoconus, a preventive examination is recommended - especially at a younger age.
Can eye rubbing accelerate keratoconus?
Yes - eye rubbing is one of the risk factors that can contribute to the progression of the disease. Patients with keratoconus are strongly advised to avoid rubbing their eyes, and allergies that trigger eye itching should be treated preventively.
Do not ignore unstable vision.
The earlier keratoconus is detected, the greater the chance of stopping its progression and preserving good vision.